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general description the max9736a/b/d class d amplifiers provide high- performance, thermally efficient amplifier solutions. the max9736a delivers 2 x 15w into 8 loads, or 1 x 30w into a 4 load. the max9736b/d deliver 2 x 6w into 8 loads or 1 x 12w into a 4 load. these devices operate from 8v to 28v and provide a high psrr, eliminating the need for a regulated power supply. the max9736 offers up to 88% efficiency at 12v supply. pin-selectable modulation schemes select between fil- terless modulation and classic pwm modulation. filterless modulation allows the max9736 to pass ce emi limits with 1m cables using only a low-cost ferrite bead and capacitor on each output. classic pwm mod- ulation is optimized for best audio performance when using a full lc filter. a pin-selectable stereo/mono mode allows stereo oper- ation into 8 loads or mono operation into 4 loads. in mono mode, the right input op amp becomes available as a spare device, allowing flexibility in system design. comprehensive click-and-pop reduction circuitry mini- mizes noise coming into and out of shutdown or mute. input op amps allow the user to create summing amplifiers, lowpass or highpass filters, and select an optimal gain. the max9736a/b/d are available in 32-pin tqfn pack- ages and specified over the -40c to +85c tempera- ture range. features wide 8v to 28v supply voltage range spread-spectrum modulation enables low emi solution passes ce emi limits with low-cost ferrite bead/capacitor filter low bom cost high 67db psrr at 1khz reduces supply cost 88% efficiency eliminates heatsink thermal and output current protection < 1 a shutdown mode mute function space-saving, 32-pin tqfn packages, 7mm x 7mm x 0.8mm (max9736a/b), 5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm (max9736d) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 ordering information applications input resistors and capacitors select gain and cutoff frequency audio inputs shdn 8 8 8v to 28v max9736 mute mono simplified diagram 19-3108; rev 3; 9/09 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. evaluation kit available part stereo/mono output power pin-package max9736a etj+ 2 x 15w/ 1 x 30w 32 tqfn-ep* 7mm x 7mm note: all devices are specified over the -40c to +85c oper- ating temperature range. + denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. * ep = exposed pad. lcd/pdp/crt monitors lcd/pdp/crt tvs mp3 docking stations notebook pcs pc speakers all-in-one pcs ordering information continued at end of data sheet.
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (v pvdd = 20v, v vs = 5v, v agnd = v pgnd = 0v, v mod = v shdn = v mute = 5v, regen = mono = agnd, c1 = 0.1f, c2 = 1f, r in _ = 20k and r fb_ = 20k , r l = , ac measurement bandwidth 22hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (notes 4, 5) stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. note 1: vs cannot exceed pvdd + 0.3v. see the power sequencing section. note 2: thermal performance of this device is highly dependant on pcb layout. see the applications information section for more details. note 3: package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in jedec specification jesd51-7, using a 4-layer board. for detailed information on package thermal considerations, visit www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial . pvdd to pgnd.......................................................-0.3v to +30v agnd to pgnd .....................................................-0.3v to +0.3v inl, inr, fbl, fbr, com to agnd .........-0.3v to (v reg + 0.3v) mute , shdn , mono, mod, regen to agnd.......-0.3v to +6v reg to agnd ..............................................-0.3v to (vs + 0.3v) vs to agnd (note 1)................................................-0.3v to +6v outl+, outl-, outr+, outr-, to pgnd...................................-0.3v to (pvdd + 0.3v) c1n to pgnd ..........................................-0.3v to (pvdd + 0.3v) c1p to pgnd ...........................(pvdd - 0.3v) to (v boot + 0.3v) boot to pgnd ..............................(v c1p - 0.3v) to pvdd + 12v outl+, outl-, outr+, outr-, short circuit to pgnd or pvdd...............................continuous thermal limits (notes 2, 3) continuous power dissipation (t a = +70c) 32-pin tqfn 5mm x 5mm multiple layer pcb (derate 34.5mw/c above +70c) ..................................2.76w ja .................................................................................29c/w jc ...................................................................................2c/w continuous power dissipation (t a = +70c) 32-pin tqfn 7mm x 7mm multiple layer pcb (derate 37mw/c above +70c) .....................................2.96w ja .................................................................................27c/w jc ...................................................................................1c/w operating temperature range ...........................-40c to +85c storage temperature range .............................-65c to +150c junction temperature ......................................................+150c lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300c parameter symbol conditions min typ max units amplifier dc characteristics speaker supply voltage range pvdd inferred from psrr test 8 28 v preamplifier supply voltage range vs (notes 1 and 7) 4.5 5.5 v undervoltage lockout uvlo 7 v t a = +25c 30 45 i pvdd r l = , v regen = 5v, v vs = open t a = t min to t max 50 ma t a = +25c 14 20 quiescent supply current i vs r l = , v regen = 0v, v vs = 5v t a = t min to t max 22 ma i pvdd 110 shutdown supply current i shdn v shdn = 0v i vs 10 a reg voltage v reg 4.2 v preregulator voltage vs internal regulated 5v, v regen = 5v 4.8 v com voltage v com 1.9 2.05 2.2 v input amplifier characteristics capacitive drive c l 30 pf output swing (note 6) sinking 1ma 2 v open-loop gain a vo v fb_ = v com 500mv, r fb_ = 20k to in_ 88 db input offset voltage v os 1 mv
max9736 parameter symbol conditions min typ max units input amplifier slew rate 2.5 v/s input amplifier unity-gain bandwidth 3.5 mhz amplifier characteristics max9736a, max9736d 16.5 17 17.5 output amplifier gain (note 8) a v max9736b 13.1 13.6 14.1 db output current limit 3.3 4.6 a output offset v os out_+ to out_-, t a = +25c 2 10 mv pvdd = 8v to 28v, t a = +25c 65 80 power-supply rejection ratio psrr f = 1khz, 100mv p-p ripple 67 db r l = 8 8 stereo r l = 4 13 v p v d d = 12v mono r l = 4 15.5 stereo r l = 8 13.5 v p v d d = 18v mono r l = 4 27 stereo r l = 8 13.5 max9736a output power (thd+n = 1%) p out_1% v p v d d = 24v mono r l = 4 27 w r l = 8 6 stereo r l = 4 11 v p v d d = 12v mono r l = 4 12 stereo r l = 8 6 v p v d d = 18v mono r l = 4 12 stereo r l = 8 6 max9736b output power (thd+n = 1%) p out_1% v p v d d = 24v mono r l = 4 12 w r l = 8 10 stereo r l = 4 16 v p v d d = 12v mono r l = 4 19.5 stereo r l = 8 17.5 v p v d d = 18v mono r l = 4 35 stereo r l = 8 17.5 max9736a output power (thd+n = 10%) p out_10% v p v d d = 24v mono r l = 4 35 w r l = 8 7.5 stereo r l = 4 14 v p v d d = 12v mono r l = 4 15 stereo r l = 8 7.5 v p v d d = 18v mono r l = 4 15 stereo r l = 8 7.5 max9736b output power (thd+n = 10%) p out_10% v p v d d = 24v mono r l = 4 15 w electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = 20v, v vs = 5v, v agnd = v pgnd = 0v, v mod = v shdn = v mute = 5v, regen = mono = agnd, c1 = 0.1f, c2 = 1f, r in _ = 20k and r fb_ = 20k , r l = , ac measurement bandwidth 22hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (notes 4, 5) mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = 20v, v vs = 5v, v agnd = v pgnd = 0v, v mod = v shdn = v mute = 5v, regen = mono = agnd, c1 = 0.1f, c2 = 1f, r in _ = 20k and r fb_ = 20k , r l = , ac measurement bandwidth 22hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (notes 4, 5) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units stereo r l = 8 8.5 v p v d d = 12v mono r l = 4 17 stereo r l = 8 5.5 v p v d d = 18v mono r l = 4 11 stereo r l = 8 3.5 max9736d output power (thermally limited) v p v d d = 24v mono r l = 4 7 w max9736a, p out = 4w, f = 1khz, pwm modulation mode, r l = 8 0.04 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n max9736b/d, p out = 2w, f = 1khz, pwm modulation mode, r l = 8 0.04 % max9736a/d, p out = 8w, r l = 8 96.5 signal-to-noise ratio snr a-weighted max9736b, p out = 6w, r l = 8 97 db max9736a/d 120 noise v n a-weighted (note 9) max9736b 100 v rms crosstalk l to r, r to l, p ou t = 1w , f = 1kh z, r l = 8 100 db efficiency p ou t = 8w, m ax 9736a, p v d d = 12v , r l = 8 88 % into mute 36 click-and-pop level k cp peak voltage, 32 samples/second, a-weighted (notes 9 and 10) out of mute 36 dbv switching frequency 270 300 330 khz spread-spectrum bandwidth 4 khz thermal shutdown level 160 c thermal shutdown hysteresis 30 c turn-on time t on 110 ms
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = 20v, v vs = 5v, v agnd = v pgnd = 0v, v mod = v shdn = v mute = 5v, regen = mono = agnd, c1 = 0.1f, c2 = 1f, r in _ = 20k and r fb_ = 20k , r l = , ac measurement bandwidth 22hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25c.) (notes 4, 5) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units digital interface input voltage high v inh 2v input voltage low v inl 0.8 v input voltage hysteresis 50 mv input leakage current 10 a note 4: all devices are 100% production tested at +25c. all temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 5: stereo mode (mono = gnd) specified with 8 resistive load in series with a 68h inductive load connected across btl outputs. mono mode (mono = 5v) specified with a 4 resistive load in series with a 33h inductive load connected across btl outputs. note 6: output swing is specified with respect to v com. note 7: for typical applications, an external 5v supply is not required. therefore, set regen = 5v. if thermal performance is a concern, set regen = 0v and provide an external regulated 5v supply. note 8: output amplifier gain is defined as: note 9: amplifier inputs ac-coupled to gnd. note 10: specified at room temperature with an 8 resistive load in series with a 68h inductive load connected across btl outputs. mode transitions controlled by shdn control pin. 20 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? +? log |( ) ( )| || _ _ vv v out_ out fb
typical operating characteristics (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc01 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 5w p out = 3w v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 8 load total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc02 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 5w p out = 3w v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 8 load total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc03 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 5w p out = 3w v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 4 load total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc04 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 5w p out = 3w v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 4 load total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc05 output power (w) thd+n (%) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 010 v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc06 output power (w) thd+n (%) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 010 v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc07 output power (w) thd+n (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 020 v pvdd = 18v, fixed frequency, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc08 output power (w) thd+n (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 020 v pvdd = 18v, spread spectrum, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc09 output power (w) thd+n (%) 16 12 8 4 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0 1khz v pvdd = 24v, fixed frequency, 8 load 6khz 20hz
typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc10 output power (w) thd+n (%) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 018 v pvdd = 24v, spread spectrum, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc11 output power (w) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 016 v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 4 load 6khz 1khz 20hz thd+n (%) 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc12 output power (w) thd+n (%) 15 12 9 6 3 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 018 6khz 1khz 20hz v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 4 load efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc13 total output power (w) efficiency (%) 15 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 020 efficiency power dissipation v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 8 load efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc14 total output power (w) 18 16 12 14 4 6 8 10 2 020 efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 efficiency power dissipation v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 8 load power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc15 total output power (w) 30 25 15 20 10 5 035 efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 efficiency power dissipation v pvdd = 18v, spread spectrum, 8 load power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc16 total output power (w) 30 25 15 20 10 5 035 efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 efficiency power dissipation v pvdd = 18v, fixed frequency, 8 load power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0
typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc17 total output power (w) 25 20 15 10 5 030 efficiency power dissipation efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 v pvdd = 24v, fixed frequency, 8 load efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc18 total output power (w) 25 20 15 10 5 030 efficiency power dissipation efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 v pvdd = 24v, spread spectrum, 8 load efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc19 total output power (w) 15 10 5 020 v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 4 load efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 efficiency power dissipation efficiency vs. total output power max9736 toc20 total output power (w) 25 20 15 10 5 030 efficiency power dissipation efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 power dissipation (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 4 load total output power vs. v dd load = 8 , f = 1khz max9736 toc21 supply voltage (v) output power (w) 25 10 20 15 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 530 1% thd+n 10% thd+n total output power vs. load resistance v dd = 12v, f = 1khz, spread spectrum max9736 toc22 load resistance ( ) output power (w) 25 10 20 15 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 530 1% thd+n 10% thd+n total output power vs. load resistance v dd = 18v, f = 1khz, spread spectrum max9736 toc23 load resistance ( ) output power (w) 25 20 15 10 10 5 15 20 25 30 0 530 10% thd+n 1% thd+n
typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 total output power vs. load resistance max9736 toc24 total output power (w) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 load resistance ( ) 25 20 15 10 5 030 10% thd+n 1% thd+n v pvdd = 24v, spread spectrum power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency max9736 toc25 frequency (hz) psrr (db) 10k 1k 100 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -90 10 100k 100mv p-p , pvdd ripple, 8 load crosstalk vs. frequency max9736 toc26 crosstalk (db) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 1w output, 8 load, spread spectrum right to left left to right frequency (hz) 10k 1k 100 10 100k total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc08 output power (w) thd+n (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 020 v pvdd = 18v, spread spectrum, 8 load 6khz 1khz 20hz inband output spectrum max9736 toc28 frequency (khz) output amplitude (dbv) 15 10 5 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 020 8 load, spread spectrum wideband output spectrum max9736 toc29 frequency (mhz) output amplitude (dbv) 10 1 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 -120 0.1 100 8 load, fixed frequency wideband output spectrum max9736 toc30 output amplitude (dbv) -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -100 frequency (mhz) 10 1 0.1 100 8 load, spread spectrum shdn on-/off-response max9736 toc31 40ms/div shdn 2v/div output 5v/div mute on-/off-response max9736 toc32 40ms/div output 5v/div mute 2v/div
typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc37 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 10w p out = 6w v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 4 load, mono total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency max9736 toc38 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 0.001 10 100k p out = 10w p out = 6w v pvdd = 12v, spread spectrum, 4 load, mono total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc39 output power (w) thd+n (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.1 1 10 0.01 020 6khz 1khz 20hz v pvdd = 12v, fixed frequency, 4 load, mono supply current vs. pvdd supply voltage max9736 toc33 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 23 18 13 10 20 30 40 0 828 v regen = v mute = v shdn = 3.3v supply current vs. pvdd supply voltage max9736 toc34 supply current (ma) 5 10 15 20 0 supply voltage (v) 23 18 13 828 v regen = 0v, v mute = v shdn = 3.3v, vs = 5v supply current vs. vs supply voltage max9736 toc35 vs voltage (v) supply current (ma) 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 7 9 13 11 15 5 4.5 5.5 v regen = 0v, v mute = v shdn = 3.3v shutdown current vs. pvdd supply voltage max9736 toc36 supply voltage (v) shutdown current ( a) 24 20 16 12 -1 0 1 2 3 -2 828 v regen = v shdn = 0v, v mute = 3.3v total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power (v dd = 12v, spread spectrum, 4 load, mono) max9736 toc40 output power (w) thd+n (%) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0.1 1 10 0.01 020 6khz 1khz 20hz
total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc42 output power (w) thd+n (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.1 1 10 0.01 035 6khz 1khz 20hz v pvdd = 18v, spread spectrum, 4 load, mono total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc43 output power (w) thd+n (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.1 1 10 0.01 035 1khz v pvdd = 24v, fixed frequency, 4 load, mono 6khz 20hz typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 efficiency vs. output power max9736 toc46 efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 4 load, mono, f = 1khz spread spectrum output power (w) 15 10 5 020 v pvdd = 24v v pvdd = 18v v pvdd = 12v output power vs. v dd (load = 4 , f = 1khz, spread spectrum, mono) max9736 toc47 supply voltage (v) output power (w) 26 24 10 12 14 18 20 16 22 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 828 10% thd+n 1% thd+n 4 load f = 1khz, spread spectrum, mono total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power (v dd = 24v, spread spectrum, 4 load, mono) max9736 toc44 output power (w) 30 24 18 12 6 036 6khz 1khz 20hz thd+n (%) 0.1 1 10 0.01 efficiency vs. output power max9736 toc45 output power (w) efficiency (%) 15 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 020 4 load, mono, 1khz fixed frequency v pvdd = 24v v pvdd = 18v v pvdd = 12v total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power max9736 toc41 output power (w) thd+n (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.1 1 10 0.01 035 6khz 1khz 20hz v pvdd = 18v, fixed frequency, 4 load, mono
typical operating characteristics (continued) (max9736a, v pvdd = 12v, mod = high, spread-spectrum modulation mode, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v, v shdn = v mute = 5v, unless otherwise noted.) max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ output power vs. load resistance max9736 toc48 load resistance ( ) output power (w) 25 20 15 10 5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 030 10% thd+n 1% thd+n v pvdd = 12v, mono, spread spectrum output power vs. load resistance max9736 toc49 load resistance ( ) output power (w) 25 20 5 10 15 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 030 10% thd+n 1% thd+n v pvdd = 18v, mono, spread spectrum output power vs. load resistance max9736 toc50 load resistance ( ) output power (w) 25 20 5 10 15 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 030 10% thd+n 1% thd+n v pvdd = 24v, mono, spread spectrum supply current vs. pvdd supply voltage max9736 toc51 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 28 23 18 13 15 30 45 0 8 v regen = v mute = v shdn = 3.3v, mono supply current vs. pvdd supply voltage max9736 toc52 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 23 18 13 5 15 10 20 0 828 v regen = 0v, v mute = v shdn = 3.3v, vs = 5v, mono supply current vs. vs voltage max9736 toc53 vs voltage (v) supply current (ma) 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 5 10 15 20 0 4.5 5.5 v regen = 0v, v mute = v shdn = 3.3v, mono
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 pin description pin name function 1, 2 outl- left-channel negative speaker output 3 boot charge-pump output. connect a 1f charge-pump holding capacitor from boot to pvdd. 4 mono mono select. set mono high for mono mode, low for stereo mode. 5 fbl left-channel feedback. connect feedback resistor between fbl and inl to set amplifier gain. 6 inl stereo left-channel inverting input. in mono mode, inl is the inverting audio input for the mono amplifier. 7, 8, 17 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. ok to connect to pgnd. 9 mute mute input. drive mute low to place the device in mute mode. 10 shdn shutdown input. drive shdn low to place the device in shutdown mode. 11 regen internal regulator enable input. connect regen to shdn to enable the internal regulator. drive regen low to disable the internal regulator, and supply the device with an external 5v supply on vs. see the power-supply sequencing section. 12 com internal 2v bias. bypass com to agnd with a 1f capacitor. 13, 14 agnd analog ground 15 reg internal regulator output. bypass reg to agnd with a 1f capacitor. 16 vs 5v regulator supply. bypass vs to agnd with a 1f capacitor. if regen is low, the internal regulator is disabled, and an external 5v supply must be connected to vs. see the power-supply sequencing section. 18 inr stereo right-channel inverting audio input. in mono mode, inr is the inverting audio input for the uncommitted preamplifier (see the mono configuration section for more details). 19 fbr right-channel feedback. connect feedback resistor between fbr and inr to set amplifier gain. 20 mod output modulation select. sets the output modulation scheme: v mod = low, classic pwm/fixed-frequency mode v mod = high, filterless modulation/spread-spectrum mode 21 c1n charge-pump flying-capacitor negative terminal 22 c1p charge-pump flying-capacitor positive terminal 23, 24 outr- right-channel negative speaker output 25, 26 outr+ right-channel positive speaker output 27, 30 pvdd power supply. bypass each pvdd pin to ground with 0.1f capacitors. also, use a single 220f capacitor between pvdd and pgnd. 28, 29 pgnd power ground 31, 32 outl+ left-channel positive speaker output ep exposed pad. must be externally connected to pgnd.
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the max9736a/b/d filterless, stereo class d audio power amplifiers offer class ab performance and class d efficiency with minimal board space. the max9736a outputs 2x15w in stereo mode and 30w in mono mode. the max9736b/d output 2x6w in stereo mode and 12w in mono mode. these devices operate from an 8v to 28v supply range. the max9736 features a filterless, spread-spectrum switching mode (mod = high) or a classic pwm fixed- frequency switching mode (mod = low). the max9736 features externally set gain and a low- power shutdown mode that reduces supply current to less than 1?. comprehensive click-and-pop circuitry minimizes noise into and out of shutdown or mute. operating modes filterless modulation/pwm modulation the max9736 features two output modulation schemes, filterless modulation (mod = high) or classic pwm (mod = low). maxim? unique, filterless modulation scheme eliminates the lc filter required by traditional class d amplifiers, reducing component count, conserving board space, and reducing system cost. configure for classic pwm output when using a full lc filter. click-and-pop protection does not apply when the out- put is switching between modulation schemes. to maintain click-and-pop protection when switching between output schemes the device must enter shut- down mode and be configured to the new output scheme before the startup sequence is finished. spread-spectrum mode the max9736 features a unique spread-spectrum mode that flattens the wideband spectral components, improv- ing emi radiated by the speaker and cables. the switching frequency of the class d amplifier varies ran- domly by ?khz around the 300khz center frequency. instead of a large amount of spectral energy present at multiples of the switching frequency, the energy is spread over a bandwidth that increases with frequency. above a few megahertz, the wideband spectrum looks like white noise for emi purposes. a proprietary amplifier topology ensures this white noise does not corrupt the noise floor in the audio bandwidth. the spread-spec- trum mode is enabled only with filterless modulation. efficiency the high efficiency of a class d amplifier is due to the switching operation of the output stage transistors. in a class d amplifier, the output transistors act as switches and consume negligible power. power loss associated with the class d output stage is due to the i 2 r loss of the mosfet on-resistance, various switching losses, and quiescent current overhead. the theoretical best efficiency of a linear amplifier is 78% at peak output power. under typical music reproduction levels, the efficiency falls below 30%, whereas the max9736 exhibits > 80% efficiency under the same con- ditions (figure 1). shutdown the max9736 features a shutdown mode that reduces power consumption and extends battery life in portable applications. the shutdown mode reduces supply cur- rent to 1? (typ). drive shdn high for normal opera- tion. drive shdn low to place the device in low-power shutdown mode. in shutdown mode, the outputs are high impedance; and the common-mode voltage at the output decays to zero. in shutdown mode, connect regen low to minimize current consumption. mute function the max9736 features a clickless-and-popless mute mode. when the device is muted, the signal is attenuat- ed at the speaker and the outputs stop switching. to mute the max9736, drive mute low. hold mute low during system power-up and power-down to ensure that clicks and pops caused by circuits before the max9736 are suppressed. efficiency vs. total output power max9736 fig01 total output power (w) efficiency (%) 15 10 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 020 max9736a class ab figure 1. max9736a efficiency vs. class ab efficiency
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 click-and-pop suppression the max9736 features comprehensive click-and-pop suppression that minimizes audible transients on start- up and shutdown. while in shutdown, the h-bridge is in a high-impedance state. mono configuration the max9736 features a mono mode that allows the right and left channels to operate in parallel, achieving up to 30w (max9736a) of output power. apply a logic- high to mono to enable mono mode. in mono mode, an audio signal applied to the left channel (inl) is rout- ed to the h-bridges of both channels. also in mono mode, the right-channel preamplifier becomes an uncommitted operational amplifier, allowing for flexibili- ty in system design. connect outl+ to outr+ and outl- to outr- using heavy pcb traces as close as possible to the device. driving mono low (stereo mode) while the outputs are wired together in mono mode can trigger the short-circuit or thermal-overload protection or both. current limit when the output current reaches the current limit, 4.6a (typ), the max9736 disables the outputs and initiates a 450s startup sequence. the shutdown and startup sequence is repeated until the output fault is removed. properly designed applications do not enter current- limit mode unless the output is short circuited or con- nected incorrectly. thermal shutdown when the die temperature reaches the thermal shut- down threshold, +160c (typ), the max9736 outputs are disabled. when the die temperature decreases by 30c, normal operation resumes. some causes of ther- mal shutdown are excessively low load impedance, poor thermal contact between the max9736s exposed pad and the pcb, elevated ambient temperature, or poor pcb layout and assembly. applications information filterless class d operation the max9736 meets en55022b emc radiation limits with an inexpensive ferrite bead and capacitor filter when the speaker leads are less than or equal to 1m. select a ferrite bead with 100 to 600 impedance and rated for at least 2a. the capacitor value varies based on the ferrite bead chosen and the speaker lead length. see figure 3 for the correct connections of these components. when evaluating the max9736 with a ferrite bead filter and resistive load, include a series inductor (68h for 8 load and 33h for 4 load) to model the actual loudspeakers behavior. omitting the series inductor max9736 c1 330pf fb1 and fb2 = wurth 742792040 c2 330pf fb1 fb2 figure 3. ferrite bead filter frequenc (mhz) amplitude (db v/m) 400 300 200 100 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5 30 500 600 700 800 900 1000 en55022b limit figure 2. emi performance max9736 c3 l1 l2 c2 c1 c5 r2 c4 r1 figure 4. output filter for pwm mode
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ reduces the efficiency, the thd+n performance, and the output power of the max9736. when evaluating with a load speaker, no series inductor is required. inductor-based output filters some applications use the max9736 with a full induc- tor-/capacitor-based (lc) output filter. select the pwm output mode for best audio performance. see figure 4 for the correct connections of these components. the load impedance of the speaker determines the fil- ter component selection (see table 1). inductors l1 and l2, and capacitor c1 form the prima- ry output filter. capacitors c2 and c3 provide common- mode filtering to reduce radiated emissions. capacitors c4 and c5, plus resistors r1 and r2, form a zobel at the output. a zobel corrects the output loading to com- pensate for the rising impedance of the loudspeaker. without a zobel the filter exhibits a peak response near the cutoff frequency. component selection gain-setting resistors external feedback resistors set the gain of the max9736. the output stage provides a fixed internal gain in addition to the externally set input stage gain. for the max9736a/d, the fixed output-stage gain is set at 17db (7v/v). for the max9736b, the fixed output- stage gain is set at 13.6db (4.8v/v). set overall gain by using resistors r f and r in (figure 5 ) as follows: where a v is the desired voltage gain. choose r f between 10k and 50k . the fb terminal is an op amp output and the in termi- nal is the op amp inverting input, allowing the max9736 to be configured as a summing amplifier, a filter, or an equalizer. input capacitor an input capacitor, c in , in conjunction with the input resistor, r in , of the max9736 forms a highpass filter that removes the dc bias from an incoming signal. the ac-coupling capacitor allows the amplifier to automati- cally bias the signal to an optimum dc level. assuming zero-source impedance, the -3db point of the highpass filter is given by: choose c in so that f -3db is well below the lowest frequen- cy of interest. use capacitors whose dielectrics have low voltage coefficients. capacitors with high-voltage coeffi- cients cause increased distortion close to f -3db . com capacitor com is the output of the internally generated dc bias voltage. bypass com with a 1f capacitor to agnd. power supplies the max9736 features separate supplies for signal and power portions of the device, allowing for the optimum combination of headroom, power dissipation, and noise immunity. the speaker amplifiers are powered from pvdd and can range from 8v to 28v. the remainder of the max9736 is powered by vs. power-supply sequencing during power-up and power-down, vs must not exceed pvdd. vs greater than pvdd will damage the device. f rc db in in ? = 3 1 2 max a d a r r vv max b v f in 9736 7 1 9736 :. : = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . a r r vv v f in = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 48 r l ( ) l1, l2 (?) c1 (?) c2, c3 (?) c4, c5 (?) r1, r2 ( ) 4 10 0.47 0.10 0.22 10 8 15 0.15 0.15 0.15 15 16 33 0.10 0.10 0.10 33 table 1. suggested values for lc filter max9736 c in audio input r in r f c com fb_ in_ com out_+ out_- figure 5. setting gain
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 internal regulator the max9736 features an internal 5v regulator, vs, powered from pvdd. connect regen to shdn so that the internal 5v regulator is enabled/disabled when the max9736 is enabled/disabled. if an external 5v supply is available, drive regen low and connect external 5v supply to vs to minimize the power dissipation of the max9736. supply bypassing, layout, and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. use wide traces for the power-supply inputs and amplifier outputs to minimize losses due to parasitic trace resistance. proper grounding improves audio performance, minimizes crosstalk between chan- nels, and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. connect pgnd and agnd together at a single point on the pcb. route all traces that carry switching transients away from agnd and the traces/components in the audio signal path. bypass each pvdd pin with a 0.1f capacitor to pgnd. place the bypass capacitors as close as possible to the max9736. place a 220f capacitor between pvdd and pgnd. bypass vs with a 1f capacitor to agnd. use wide, low-resistance output traces. current drawn from the outputs increases as load impedance decreases. high-output trace resistance decreases the power delivered to the load. the max9736 tqfn pack- age features an exposed thermal paddle on its under- side. this paddle lowers the packages thermal resistance by providing a heat conduction path from the die to the pcb. connect the exposed thermal pad to pgnd by using a large pad and multiple vias to the pgnd plane.
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ typical application circuit for stereo output configuration max9736 charge pump power stage regulator bias c1 0.1 f c2 1 f (16v) 8v to 28v 0.1 f 1 f 1 f c bulk 220 f 0.1 f 5v mod note: preamplifier gain set at 0db. mono agnd pgnd n.c. 20 fbr 19 11 10 9 inr 18 com 12 inl 6 fbl 5 reg vs pvdd c1n c1p 15 16 27, 30 21 22 3 boot 31, 32 outl+ 25, 26 outr+ 23, 24 outr- 1, 2 outl- 4 13, 14 7, 8, 17 28, 29 20k 20k 20k control 470nf 20k 470nf 1 f shutdown mute regen shdn mute
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 typical application circuit for single (mono) output configuration max9736 charge pump power stage regulator bias c1 0.1 f c2 1 f (16v) 8v to 28v 0.1 f 1 f 1 f c bulk 220 f 0.1 f fbr fbr 5v mod mono agnd pgnd n.c. 20 fbr 19 inr 18 com 12 inl 6 fbl 5 reg vs pvdd c1n c1p 15 16 27, 30 21 22 3 boot 31, 32 outl+ 25, 26 outr+ 23, 24 outr- 1, 2 outl- 4 13, 14 7, 8, 17 28, 29 lpf hpf audio input control 1 f 11 10 9 shutdown mute regen shdn mute
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ chip information process: bicmos pin configuration max9736 tqfn top view 29 30 28 27 12 11 13 outl- mono fbl inl n.c. 14 outl- outr- c1n mod outr- fbr inr 12 pgnd 4567 23 24 22 20 19 18 pgnd pvdd agnd agnd com regen boot c1p 3 21 31 10 outl+ shdn 32 9 outl+ mute ep* + ep* = exposed pad, connect to pgnd. pvdd 26 15 reg outr+ 25 16 vs n.c. n.c. 8 17 outr+ ordering information (continued) part stereo/mono output power pin-package max9736aetj/v+ 2 x 15w/ 1 x 30w 32 tqfn-ep* 7mm x 7mm max9736b etj+ 2 x 6w/ 1 x 12w 32 tqfn-ep* 7mm x 7mm max9736betj/v+ 2 x 6w/ 1 x 12w 32 tqfn-ep* 7mm x 7mm max9736d etj+ 2 x 6w/ 1 x 12w 32 tqfn-ep* 5mm x 5mm max9736detj/v+ 2 x 6w/ 1 x 12w 32 tqfn-ep* 5mm x 5mm note: all devices are specified over the -40c to +85c oper- ating temperature range. + denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. * ep = exposed pad. /v denotes an automotive qualified part.
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . package type package code document no. 32 tqfn-ep (7mm x 7mm) t3277-3 21-0144 32 tqfn-ep (5mm x 5mm) t3255-4 21-0140
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 22 ______________________________________________________________________________________ package information (continued) for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier ______________________________________________________________________________________ 23 package information (continued) for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . qfn thin.eps
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier 24 ______________________________________________________________________________________ package information (continued) for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .
max9736 mono/stereo high-power class d amplifier maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 25 ? 2009 maxim integrated products maxim is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. revision history revision number revision date description pages changed 0 1/08 initial release 1 12/08 corrected various errors 1C15, 17C21 2 8/09 added max9736d and automotive parts numbers and updated the absolute maximum ratings section 1, 2, 3, 4,13, 15, 19, 20, 21 3 9/09 corrected error in absolute maximum ratings, pin description, typical application circuit for stereo output configuration, and typical application circuit for single (mono) output configuration 2, 12, 17, 18

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